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Jul 8, 2026

The Naming Problem

In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov, the world chess champion, in a six-game match. It was treated as a milestone in artificial intelligence. Researchers debated what the victory meant about…

Jul 3, 2026

Cramér's V and the Missing Half of Chi-Square

You are auditing a loan approval model for demographic fairness. You build a cross-tabulation of predictions against a protected category and run a chi-square test. The result comes back p Effect Size…

Jul 1, 2026

Attention Is All You Need

In June 2017, eight researchers associated with Google posted a paper on machine translation. Its title, "Attention Is All You Need," was a provocation directed at the field's dominant architectures for sequence…

Jun 29, 2026

The Model Is Not the System

There is a class of AI deployment failure that has nothing to do with the model. The model can be well-trained and well-validated. The precision and recall can be exactly where you…

Jun 25, 2026

Neurons All the Way Down

In October 2012, the full results of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge were released. The competition required systems to classify photographs into 1,000 object categories and measured performance as top-five…

Jun 19, 2026

Let the Data Decide

The knowledge engineer's problem was getting the knowledge out of the expert. A human specialist could diagnose a disease or configure a computer system, but articulating exactly why, step by step, in…

Jun 10, 2026

Simple Rules, Surprising Worlds

In 1970, the mathematician John Horton Conway devised a game. You start with a grid. Each cell is either alive or dead. A handful of rules govern what happens next: a live…

Jun 8, 2026

INSERT COIN

Organizations are discovering that AI token pricing produces exactly the kind of behavioral distortions that metered communications produced a generation ago. Uber Technologies burned through its entire 2026 AI budget by April,…

Jun 5, 2026

Your Major Is Irrelevant

I was watching a video recently in which someone complained about having a bachelor's degree and being unable to find work. A stitch appeared almost immediately with the retort that was already…

Jun 4, 2026

The Second Winter

The year is 1987. Symbolics, Inc. is the leading manufacturer of Lisp machines, single-user workstations purpose-built to run Lisp, the language most closely associated with artificial intelligence. Their hardware is beautiful, powerful,…